parentshiftbook Chapter 793: The Timurid Empire That Brought Pressure To Ming Dynasty [Please Subscribe, Please Subs
Chapter 793: The Timurid Empire That Brought Pressure To Ming Dynasty [Please Subscribe, Please Subs
"The Ilkhanate was originally a khanate established by Hulagu, the grandson of Genghis Khan, after his western expedition. Its territory covers an area of approximately 3.75 million square kilometers.
"But fifty years ago, after the death of Ghazan Khan, the Ilkhanate fell into chaos."
"Between the first year of Yuan Dynasty (1335) and the eleventh year of Hongwu (1378), local governors successively supported eight Ilhans, and then established their own small feudal dynasties in the melee for power and profit."
"After the thirteenth year of Hongwu (1380), chaos broke out in Ilhan."
“Coupled with the previous attacks of the Kipchak Khanate during the reign of Yue Jibie and the current Western Expeditions of the Timur Empire, the power of the Ilkhanate has gradually declined.
"If this trend continues, if nothing unexpected happens, it is estimated that the Ilkhanate will be annexed and destroyed by the Timurid Empire in less than two or three years!"
Yan Changqing wrote "Il-Khanate" under the Asian plate of the world map "Kipchak Khanate/Golden Horde", and made the assessment that the Il-Khanate would not last long and would be destroyed.
However, according to the original history, the Ilkhanate was destroyed by the Timurid Empire in 1388, the 21st year of Hongwu.
There is only a difference of about three years between now and the eighteenth year of Hongwu (1385), so it is true that the Ilkhanate will not last long.
When the princes Zhu Biao, Zhu Feng, Zhu Fan, Zhu Di and other princes heard this, they all looked relaxed and breathed a sigh of relief, and then their faces became solemn.
The good news is that the four great khanates are not the same, and none of them are as powerful as the Kipchak Khanate.
Today, the Ilkhanate, one of the four major khanates, is not only falling into civil strife, but also being invaded by the Timur Empire.
If Mr. Yan's description is followed, it is estimated that in a few years, the Ilkhanate, one of the four major khanates, will become history.
The bad news is that once the Ilkhanate is annexed and destroyed by the Timurid Empire, then the Timurid Empire will probably become even more powerful.
Thinking again about the description of the Kipchak Khanate just now, the Timurid Empire has been fighting the Kipchak Khanate from five years ago until now, and during this period, it still has the power to invade the Ilkhanate.
Even in the case of a two-front war, it was unable to defeat the Ilkhanate to the point where it was about to be annexed and destroyed.
Although a big factor in this is that the Ilkhanate is currently in civil strife, it is still undeniable that the Timur Empire is powerful!
For a time, whether it was Prince Zhu Biao, King of Qin Zhu Di, King of Jin Zhu Fan, or King of Yan Zhu Di and other princes, they all further increased the threat of the Timur Empire to the Ming Dynasty in their hearts.
"The Ogedai Khanate is the fiefdom of Ogedai, the third son of Genghis Khan."
"However, in the third year of the Yuan Dynasty (1310), Chabal, the son of Haidu, was defeated by Chagatai Khan Yongbo. In the end, the Ogedai Khanate was weakened by the Yuan Dynasty, Chagatai Khanate and Kipchak Khanate. "
"So now that the Ogedai Khanate no longer exists, your highnesses just need to know it briefly.
After passing through the Ogodei Khanate in two simple sentences, Yan Changqing was immediately surrounded by three of the [Kipchak Khanate/Golden Horde], [Ilkhanate], and [Ming Empire] in the middle and upper part of the Asian plate. In the middle of the large blank space, write the words "Chagatai Khanate".
Seeing this scene, Prince Zhu Biao, Zhu Di, Zhu Fan, Zhu Di and other princes all looked serious.
Just looking at the territory occupied by the Chagatai Khanate is enough to know that the Chagatai Khanate cannot be underestimated!
"The Chagatai Khanate was originally the fiefdom of Chagatai, the second son of Genghis Khan."
“In the third year of Emperor Qing’s reign in the Yuan Dynasty (1314), Chagatai Khan Yongbo, who originally abdicated the throne and his brother also died, was restored to power, and moved the capital from Alimari to Samarkand, promoted agriculture in the river area, and implemented reform."
"And Ye Xianbu Huahan insisted on the nomadic tradition. From then on, the Chagatai Khanate began to split into eastern and western parts."
"Among them, Ye Xian Bu Hua became the Khan of the East, and Uncle Qie became the Khan of the West. After the death of Ye Xian Bu Hua and Uncle Qie, the various tribes of the Mongolian aristocrats in central Asia took charge of their own affairs and attacked each other."
“In the eighth year of Zhizheng in the Yuan Dynasty (1348), Braj, the powerful minister of the Dugrat tribe who ruled the southern foothills of the Tianshan Mountains, found an 18-year-old nobleman Tuheilu Timur, announced that he was the son of Yesian Buhua, and supported him in Aksu. Li Weihan."
"Tuhelu Timur believed in Islam under the persuasion of elder Zamaladdin and gradually took control of the eastern part of the Khanate..."
“After the 20th year of Yuan Zhizheng (1360), Tuhelu Timur led an army to invade Hezhong twice, defeated Ubadura, and occupied the Western Chagatai Khanate.
"He also left his son Yili Yasi Huozhe to station troops there, so that the Eastern Chagatai Khanate and the Western Chagatai Khanate were temporarily unified."
"In the 23rd year of Yuan Zhizheng (1363), Tuheilu Timur died, and civil strife broke out in the Eastern Chagatai Khanate. Braj's brother Kamaruddin seized power and massacred Tuheilu Timur. 18 children and dependents.”
"Although Hammaruddin worked hard to govern, due to the strong opposition, domestic disputes continued. Under several attacks from the Timurid Empire, Hammaruddin was forced to flee to the Ilkhanate."
"At the same time, shortly after the death of Tuhelu Timur in the Western Chagatai Khanate, Timur established Hebul Shah as the Western Chagatai Khan, and successively annexed various princes and called himself Sultan."
"Since then, it has continued to expand outwards, and the Western Chagatai Khanate has gradually evolved into the Timurid Empire."
“In the third year of Hongwu (1370), Timur occupied the Transoxian region of Central Asia, unified the various tribes, declared himself the successor of the Chagatai Khanate, established the Timur Empire, and killed Hebul Khan and established the Western Chagahe Empire. The Tai Khanate was officially declared destroyed."
“During the eighth year of Hongwu (1375) to the twelfth year of Hongwu (1379), the Timur Empire attacked the Eastern Chagatai Khanate from the east many times.”
"Today, most of the Eastern Chagatai Khanate has basically been annexed by the Timurid Empire. It can be said that the Eastern Chagatai Khanate has existed in name only."
"In other words, the Chagatai Khanate, one of the original four great khanates, has basically been replaced by the Timurid Empire!"
"Today, Timur's empire covers an area of about four million square meters."
"Although the Timur Empire's territory today is not as vast as the Kipchak Khanate."
"But once it is annexed by the Timur Empire and the Ilkhanate is destroyed, the territory of the Timur Empire will not be much inferior to the Kipchak Khanate, if not more than that of the Kipchak Khanate."
“Today, this area in the middle and upper part of the Asian continental plate, which I temporarily named [Central Asia], is mainly dominated by the Kipchak Khanate and the Timurid Empire, which are competing for hegemony.
"Once the Kipchak Khanate and the Timurid Empire were divided into rivals, one of them would be defeated, or even annex and destroy the other country."
"By then, Central Asia will usher in a unified overlord, and it will also be an empire that is extremely threatening to the Ming Dynasty!"
At the end, Yan Changqing crossed out [Chagatai Khanate] and re-wrote [Timurid Empire].
Looking at the Timurid Empire in the Central Asian region of the Asian plate on the world map, the princes Zhu Biao, Zhu Di, Zhu Fan, Zhu Di and other princes all looked solemn.
Although the current Timur Empire's territory is only about four-tenths of the Ming Dynasty, it is even smaller than half the territory of the Kipchak Khanate.
However, in the eyes of princes Zhu Biao, Zhu Di, Zhu Fan, Zhu Di and other princes, the Timurid Empire was even more threatening than the Kipchak Khanate.
You must know that the Timurid Empire evolved from the original Western Chagatai Khanate at the beginning. In other words, the Timurid Empire only inherited about half of the king's territory and strength of the Jiangatai Khanate at the beginning. 011404217 Feilu 134542100]
However, it was able to basically annex and destroy the Eastern Chagatai Khanate within a short period of four or five years from the eighth year of Hongwu (1375) to the twelfth year of Hongwu (1379).
And then, less than a year later, they went to war with the Kipchak Khanate.
Although the size of the territory does not determine the strength of each country.
However, the size of the territory is a very intuitive way to measure the strength of each country.
The territory of the Kipchak Khanate is about six million square kilometers, and the Timurid Empire's territory is about four million square kilometers. The national calendar of Shuangli can be calculated from the size of the territory.
Theoretically speaking, the national power of the Timur Empire should be weaker than that of the Kipchak Khanate.
However, in theory, the relatively weak Timurid Empire was able to fight the Kipchak Khanate for five full years, and during this period, it still had the power to invade and attack the Ilkhanate, and was even close to annexing the Ilkhanate. , the country was destroyed!
It can be seen from this that the Timurid Empire may be slightly weaker than the Kipchak Khanate in other aspects, but in terms of military strength alone, the Timurid Empire is definitely not inferior to the Kipchak Khanate.
It should even be said that in terms of pure military strength, the Timurid Empire is probably stronger than the Kipchak Khanate!
After all, the current Timur Empire's territory is only two-thirds of the Kipchak Khanate, and the current Timur Empire still fights on two fronts!
If the Timur Empire waits for the destruction of the Ilkhanate, then integrates all its forces into one place, and carries the power of annexation and destruction of the Ilkhanate, then even the Kipchak Khanate may no longer be able to resist Timur. Son Empire!
Once the Timur Empire annexes the Kipchak Khanate, the Timur Empire will be equivalent to completing the unification of the four Khanates!!!
By then, the Ilkhanate, with a territory of 3.75 million square kilometers, and the Kipchak Khanate, with a territory of 6 million square kilometers, plus its own territory of 4 million square kilometers, will of Timurid's empire.
In the end, the territory of the New Timurid Empire, which has completed the unification of the four great khanates, will reach a terrifying 13.75 million square kilometers!
This is much more powerful than the Ming Dynasty, which today has a territory of only about 10 million square kilometers!
When they thought of this, the hearts of Prince Zhu Biao, Zhu Xi, Zhu Fan, Zhu Di and other princes were all covered with a shadow, and they felt a great pressure.
In fact, the Timurid Empire in the original history was even more outrageous than what Prince Zhu Biao, Zhu Di, Zhu Fan, Zhu Di and other princes thought!
In the original history, the Timur Empire annexed and destroyed the Ilkhanate in 1388, the 21st year of Hongwu.
The Timurid Empire, which then concentrated its power, attacked the Kipchak Khanate several times from 1389 to 1395, destroyed its capital Sarai Bakr and other cities, and ruled Armenia and the South Caucasus.
After that, the Qin Khanate also became the third vassal state of the Timur Empire.
However, even so, Timur's empire still did not stop its pace of expansion.
In 1398, the Timur Empire attacked Delhi, the capital of the Delhi Sultanate in India, massacred about 100,000 prisoners of war, and occupied northern India.
The Mamluk dynasty of Egypt, which had defeated the Mongolian invasion of the west, refused to form an alliance with the Timur Empire. In 1400, Timur led his troops to attack Syria.
Sultan Falej personally led his troops to resist, but it was to no avail. The entire Syrian territory was occupied and the famous city of Damascus was burned (Syrian War).
In the spring of 1402, Timur mobilized about 140,000 troops, and the offensive was on the rise.
Stages of the Ottoman Empire.
On July 20, the Ottoman Empire was defeated at the Battle of Ankara and captured its sultan, Bayezid I "Lightning", making its empire's territory stretch from Delhi, India to Asia Minor.
Great empire in Asia and Mesopotamia.
At that time, the Timurid Empire could be said to have conquered every country it could see except the Ming Dynasty.
Countries throughout Asia and Central Asia were either annexed and destroyed by the Timurid Empire, or they surrendered and became one of the vassal states of the Timurid Empire.
Of course, the Ming Dynasty also did not rest at this time. Zhu Di, the Yongle Emperor in the original history, was sharpening his sword to attack the Northern Yuan Dynasty, preparing to personally lead his army to completely wipe out all the tribes of the Northern Yuan Dynasty.
flat.
It can be said that at that time, there were only two imperial overlords in the Asian continent, one was the Timur Empire led by Timur [the other was the Ming Dynasty led by Zhu Di
Also in the original history, Timur, who had basically conquered half of the Asian continent, was preparing to conquer his last opponent, the Ming Dynasty.
In November 1404, Timur sent his army to conquer the Ming Dynasty, but he died of illness on February 18, 1405, which ultimately made the eastern expedition end in vain.
After Timur's death, the shortcomings of Timur's empire were also revealed.
First, the inherent flaws of the governance model.
Timur began to expand outwards in 1380. After more than 20 years of continuous expansion, he successively seized territory from Persia, Afghanistan, the Kipchak Khanate, Syria, the Ottoman Empire and other countries.
He took a large piece and became the king.
However, precisely because of its rapid rise, although the Timurid Empire was powerful, it was full of hidden dangers.
Because the establishment process of Timur's empire and its governance model were basically the same as those of Genghis Khan's Western Expedition, both of which were dominated by conquest.
Therefore, although the Timurid Empire was powerful and vast, the area it directly ruled was actually not large. At its peak, the land area directly ruled by the Timurid Empire was only
Just about 4.6 million square kilometers.
Many other conquered countries and regions were not brought under direct rule by Timur. Instead, they chose to rule indirectly (Zhao Si's) after the other party surrendered.
This resulted in the fact that although these countries belonged to the Timurid Empire, they were all seeking opportunities to restore their countries.
Second, there are too many potential hostile forces.
The conquered countries and regions just mentioned are all potential hostile forces of the Timur Empire. They only chose to conquer the Timur Empire because of Timur's powerful deterrence.
Just temporary surrender.
But once Timur is gone, these surrendered countries and regions will definitely choose to rebel, restore their country, and even regain their lost territory.
Third, there were many factions within the empire.
When Timur was alive, in order to facilitate the management of the huge country, he divided the territories among his descendants and designated his eldest grandson Pir Mahima as his heir.
But in fact, there were many factions within the empire at that time, and its descendants often fought openly and secretly for power and gain.
The most important thing is that as Timur's descendants, they also have considerable strength, but at the same time they are not convinced and recognize their eldest grandson Pir Mahima as their heir.
When Tamerlane was still alive, he was able to suppress these drawbacks by relying on his strong personal deterrence.
But after Timur died, these suppressed shortcomings suddenly broke out.
So for a while, the Timur Empire, which could be called the hegemon of Central Asia, gradually began to break up after Timur's death. It was finally defeated by the Uzbeks in 1507.
However, this does not represent the true answer of the Timur Empire after being defeated by the Uzbeks.
Babur, the fifth grandson of Timur, was defeated and fled to contemporary India, where he founded a new Mughal Empire, which was another great empire dominating South Asia.
From this perspective, Timur and his descendants are still very powerful. They either dominate Central Asia or South Asia.
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