parentshiftbook Chapter 559: The Theory Of A Round Earth, Theoretically Feasible But Practically Unfeasible Mast Pro
Chapter 559: The Theory Of A Round Earth, Theoretically Feasible But Practically Unfeasible Mast Pro
Wanzhou Wharf, on the observation platform built with cement, there is a temporary sunshade.
Prince Zhu Biao, Zhu Xi, Zhu Fan, Zhu Di and other princes were all sitting and waiting for the return of the large fleet.
Zhizhou on the side also respectfully presented the double-cylinder objects one by one to Prince Zhu Biao, Zhu Di, Zhu Fan, Zhu Di and other princes.
"What is this?!"
Prince Zhu Biao looked at the object in his hand and asked with slight interest.
Zhizhou introduced with a smile:
"This is the telescope invented by Ban Heng, also known as clairvoyance. Through it, you can see extremely far away situations!!!"
"When the navy fleet is cruising, it will use it to search the distant sea surface to see if there are any traces of Japanese pirates or pirates!!!"
"Seven or eight times, we all benefited from this clairvoyance, so we were able to discover the other party's traces faster before the Japanese pirates and pirates discovered our traces!!!"
"Then catching the opponent off guard, and finally intercepting, blocking, and destroying the opponent!!!"
Again, after pointing out the prerequisite technology of fired glass, many glass-related technical products can actually be pointed out.
For example, the microscope in the previous Wanmin Medical College, or the current binoculars.
The principle of a telescope is to magnify the small opening angle of distant objects at a certain magnification, so that they have a larger opening angle in the image space, so that objects that are originally unable to be seen or resolved with the naked eye become clear and distinguishable.
To put it simply, it is actually to install two lenses in a cylinder, and then adjust the distance.
The last telescope that can see extremely far away was completed in such a simple way.
In history, the world's first telescope was invented in 1608.
However, when Yan Changqing went to sea with the large fleet, he found that the naval officers were relatively lacking in the ability to search and find the enemy, so he immediately activated the telescope two or three hundred years in advance.
Prince Zhu Biao, Zhu Xi, Zhu Fan, Zhu Di and other princes each brought their binoculars close to their eyes, and then looked around 390 with great interest.
Not long after, Qi King Zhu Su suddenly said in a startled voice:
"Hey, there seems to be something on the sea. Is it the naval fleet back?!!"
As King Zhu Shu of Qi finished speaking, Prince Zhu Biao, Zhu Di, Zhu Fan, Zhu Di and other princes, as well as Zhizhou, all looked at the sea in the distance with telescopes.
Sure enough, through the telescope lens, everyone saw masts gradually emerging from the sea level.
As time goes by, the masts in the telescope lenses are getting higher and higher.
Then the sails hanging under the masts were revealed, then the hull under the sails, and finally the entire ship jumped out of the sea.
Seeing this scene, Chu King Zhu Zhen suddenly said:
"Brother, do you still remember the "Sound of the Earth" that Yan, uh, Ban Hengmin said?!!"
Hearing the words "The Theory of a Round Earth" mentioned by Chu King Zhu Zhen, Prince Zhu Biao, Zhu Di, Zhu Fan, Zhu Di and other princes all frowned.
After a while, they finally dug out the memories of "The Theory of a Round Earth" from the depths of their minds.
That was when Yan Changqing was still working as a doctor of mathematics in the Imperial College before he was kicked out of the Imperial College.
At that time, Yan Changqing would tell them some things that sounded interesting at the time from time to time during his arithmetic class.
And "The Theory of the Round Earth" is the third of them.
"Well, I remember that Ban Heng also said that Zhao Youqin of the BC Yuan Dynasty demonstrated the theory of the round earth in three different ways in the "New Book of Gexiang"!!!"
Prince Zhu Biao nodded.
At the same time, King Qin Zhu Di, who also remembered, also continued:
"The first way of argument is through the so-called latitude argument."
“For example, monks from the Tang Dynasty selected thirteen different locations to observe the height of the North Star.
"In Linyi in the south (about 18 degrees north latitude), the measured angle of Polaris is about 17.07.
"In the Tiele Huihe region in the north (about 51 degrees north latitude), the angle of Polaris is measured to be about 52 degrees."
"Thus, the existence of the so-called latitude was discovered!!!"
"Guo Shoujing of the Yuan Dynasty even selected 27 different locations to observe the height of Polaris."
"The southernmost point in the South Sea measured the angle of Polaris at about 15, and the northernmost point in the North Sea measured the angle of Polaris at 64.1, which once again confirms the existence and difference of the so-called latitude!!!"
After Qin King Zhu Fang finished speaking, Jin King Zhu Fan also took up the conversation and said:
"The second way of argument is through the so-called longitude argument."
"Yelü Chucai, who was also from the First Yuan Dynasty, observed celestial phenomena at the same time through extremely precise timing tools."
"We measured the lunar eclipses in Xunsigan City and Kaifeng City and found that the lunar eclipse in Kaifeng City was about one and a half hours earlier."
"Furthermore, it was discovered that lunar eclipses occur at different times in different areas of the east and west, thus explaining the existence of the so-called longitude!!!"
"In the words of Zhao Youqin, when we measure the height of the North Pole above the ground (i.e. the difference in latitude), and the timing of lunar eclipses in the east and west (i.e. the difference in longitude), the earth is round, and the dimensions on the ground correspond to those in the sky. certificate'.
After King Zhu Fan of Jin finished speaking, King Zhu Di of Yan also touched his chin and said:
"However, the method of proving that the earth is round through the so-called longitude and latitude is relatively cumbersome, and most people cannot do it."
"So, a third way of argument was proposed, observing the mountains in the distance!!!"
"As the saying goes, 'The Dongting is so vast that if the sun and moon appear and disappear within it, even the distant mountains will become obstacles under the windings.'"
"When the weather is good and there are no clouds blocking the way, choose a distant mountain as your target on Dongting Lake."
"Then if the boats go toward each other, or go against each other, you can find that the distant mountains are emerging little by little, or they are sinking little by little."
"This can also prove the theory of the round earth!!!"
Zhizhou, who was standing aside, and other attendants around him, all widened their eyes and looked shocked when they heard this "Sound of the Earth".
Because during the Hongwu era of the Ming Dynasty, the current world view, or cosmology, was mainly divided into two major schools:
One is "The Theory of Gaitian", which can be traced back to the end of Yin Dynasty and the beginning of Zhou Dynasty. It believes that "the sky is round like a cover and the place is like a chess game", which is the so-called round sky and place.
The other is "Huntian theory", proposed by the scientific sage Zhang Heng, which believes that the sky is not a hemisphere, but a whole sphere, with the earth inside it, just like the yolk of an egg inside an egg.
After the "Huntian theory" was proposed, it did not immediately replace the "Gaitian theory". Instead, each of the two families held their own sides and argued endlessly.
However, in terms of understanding of the structure of the universe, "Huntian Theory" is obviously much more advanced than "Gaitian Theory" and can better explain many celestial phenomena.
In addition, Zhang Heng improved the armillary sphere and the armillary image, allowing supporters of the "Huntian Theory" to use accurate observational facts to demonstrate the "Huntian Theory".
And the use of muddy images can vividly demonstrate the movement of celestial bodies, which makes people have to be convinced by the outstanding ideas of "The Theory of Huntian".
Therefore, "Huntian Theory" gradually gained a dominant position.
In the Tang Dynasty, astronomer Seng Yixin and others passed the test of heaven and earth, that is, observing the height of Polaris (bhca), and completely rejected the "Gatetian theory", making the "Huntian theory" dominate the field of astronomy for thousands of years.
However, even so, "Gaitian Shuo" has not completely come to an end, and is still highly praised and recognized by many Confucian people.
It can be said that the entire Ming Dynasty, from the emperor to the common people, their understanding of the world was either "The Theory of Gaitian" or "The Theory of Huntian".
The same is true for this Zhizhou, who is a supporter of "Huntian Theory".
However, now a "Sound Earth Theory" suddenly appeared and said to him:
[The "Gaitian theory" and "Huntian theory" are all wrong!!!]
【The earth is round!!!】
[Moreover, I have three ways to prove that it is round!!!]
[Listen clearly, there are three methods!!!]
[If you don’t believe it, just try it!!!]
[If I can’t prove it, or if it can’t be verified, then I lose!!!]
What's even more terrifying is that with his knowledge and knowledge, when he tried to understand and verify the three methods of round earth theory in his mind, he couldn't find any loopholes!!!
The final result is that there is only one, the earth is really round!!!
On the other side, King Zhu Bo of Qi did not pay attention to the shocked look of Zhizhou next to him. Instead, he held the telescope in his hand and weighed it back and forth:
"In addition to the three methods of argumentation just mentioned, there is another method that Zhao Youqin said is not credible, but Ban Heng said it is theoretically correct.'
"It just requires the method of demonstrating the theory of a round earth with the aid of tools, which is the method of 'masts of ships proving the theory of a round earth'."
"Zhao Youqin said that the reason why ship masts cannot prove the "Sound of the Earth" is because "although the earth is round, the roundness cannot be seen for hundreds of miles or dozens of miles, and the human eye cannot focus on it. Try to go boating in the rivers and lakes, but you will see where the boat goes. There is a bulge everywhere, but when the water comes, you can't see its head, and when the water goes away, you can't see its tail.'"
"To explain it in Ban Heng's words, people's eyesight is limited, so they cannot see things that are too far away."
"When people can clearly see the mast of a ship with their naked eyes, they must have also seen the hull at the same time."
"In other words, the hull and masts have appeared together on rivers, lakes, and seas."
"Therefore, it is impossible to clearly and accurately judge by naked eye observation whether the hull or the mast appeared on the sea first, and it cannot be used to prove whether the earth is round or not."
"So if you want to use ship masts to prove the theory of the round earth, unless you have tools that can help people break through the observation distance of the naked eye and clearly see places dozens of miles away."
"Only in this way can it be possible to truly see the masts of ships dozens of miles away appearing on rivers, lakes, and seas before the hulls, thereby proving the accuracy of the "Earth Encirclement Theory"!!!"
"It's just that at that time Ban Heng didn't say there was any tool that could do this, he just proposed a theoretical method to verify and solve it.
Finally, Chu King Zhu Zhen concluded:
"Now it seems that this telescope is a tool that can help people break through the observation distance of the naked eye and see the masts of ships dozens of miles away appearing on rivers, lakes, and seas before the hulls!"
"Therefore, through this telescope, we can also simply and directly prove the correctness of "The Theory of a Round Earth"!!!"
When Yan Changqing briefly explained "The Theory of the Round Earth" to Prince Zhu Biao, Zhu Xi, Zhu Fan, Zhu Di and other princes, he "specifically explained the method of "the masts of the Ship Song Dynasty prove the theory of the round earth".
This method is theoretically correct, but if the telescope technology is not pointed out, it is not feasible in practice.
Because the circumference of the earth is about 40,076 kilometers, 1 degree is equal to about 111 kilometers, and 35 kilometers can only reflect a curvature of about 0.315 degrees.
In other words, only by looking at something 35 kilometers away can you pass this 0.315 degree
Curvature, barely able to see only the top of the object, rather than directly seeing the entire object at once.
In terms of the distance that the human eye can clearly and accurately observe, it cannot see clearly, or even things 35 kilometers away.
Therefore, without the aid of a telescope, it is impossible to prove "the ship mast proves the round earth theory" by naked eye observation alone.
Similarly, if anyone wants to use the method of observing the appearance of ship masts with the naked eye to prove that the earth is a circle, it can basically be saved.
Because as long as you meet a serious person, if he really observes with his naked eyes.
Then there is only one result he finally gets, that is, it is impossible to determine and judge!!!
In contrast, the method of "observing the mountains in the distance" recorded by Zhao Youqin of the Yuan Dynasty in "The New Book of Gexiang" to demonstrate that the earth is round is more reliable.
Because "observing mountains in the distance" and "ship masts prove the theory of a round earth" are essentially the same.
It's just that compared to observing small ship masts, mountains hundreds or thousands of meters high, even if they are dozens of miles away, are still barely visible with the naked eye.
Thus, through its own forward and backward movement, it can finally observe with the naked eye the "slowly appearing" and "slowly sinking" of the mountains in the distance, thereby proving that the earth is round.
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